CLS recommends the new algorithm based on Kalman filtering for all applications because it introduces significant improvements in the number of positions and their accuracy, especially for applications where just a few messages are received per satellite pass or for platforms operating in difficult transmission conditions.

However, for those users who need very long time-series of homogenous data (several years), we recommend to continue using the least squares method for location processing.  

3.5.1 Comparative table

 

 

Least-squares analysis

Kalman filtering

Raw data

Frequency measurements

Initialization procedure (computation of 1st position)

Four messages required in a single satellite pass

Number of messages needed per satellite pass to calculate a position

Two

One

Accuracy estimation

Error estimates available as an ellipse error with at least 4 messages. Partial information with 2 or 3 messages.

Error estimates available as an ellipse error with at least 1 message.

Number of solutions provided

Two (nominal and mirror solutions)

One (nominal solution)

Digital elevation model

USGS GTOPO30

 

3.6 Service Plus/Auxiliary Location Processing

This value-added service provides users with complementary information about transmitter performance. It also distributes non-standard locations, including locations calculated with less than four messages (Locations classes A, B) and locations that fail plausibility tests (Class Z).  This service is very useful in certain cases, and is thus activated by default for a number of applications, including animal tracking.